They’re known for packing a nutrient-rich punch as well as having the ability to . support our body's natural cleansing and alkalizing processes.
Most powdered greens contain a mixture of superfoods such as green vegetables, minerals, vitamins, chlorophyll, plant fibers, chlorella, spirulina, wheatgrass, barley, grass, alfalfa, and green tea extract. They may also come with other concentrated ingredients in herb forms such as Dandelion or Milk Thistle.
Happy Greens is unique because it does more than just alkalize and provide concentrated nutrients. It’s fermented and contains something called I3C which means a healthy gut and healthy oestrogen levels, too.
If we don't break down and excrete unwanted hormones in the body, they get reabsorbed into our bloodstream via the digestive tract. This can create a two and three-fold effect on your hormones - since hormones are messengers.
Thankfully, Happy Greens contains both probiotics and a compound called Indole-3-carbinol, or I3C, which supports healthy hormone metabolism and oestrogen clearance through our liver and bowels.
I3C is produced from the breakdown of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and kale.
Incorporating more green vegetables into our diet has been promoted as advantageous for conditions ranging from inflammation (arthritis) to anemia (iron deficiency).
Other health benefits associated with a green juice or greens supplement include:
If your diet is acidic, it's easier for inflammatory diseases to manifest – heart disease, cancer, arthritis, Endometriosis and respiratory problems, just to name a few. It can also be harder to lose weight when your body is working so hard to maintain a healthy pH.
Many foods that we eat regularly are highly acidic, like meats and milk products. Offsetting the impact of these foods with more alkaline foods like leafy greens, grapefruit, berries nuts and a greens formulas will help you ward off inflammatory disease.
You can benefit from as little as 15ml of Happy Greens daily. Stir it into your daily juice or smoothie, or use up to 60ml daily for more severe oestrogen dominant hormonal conditions.
Happy Greens is the greens supplement that should become a staple in your diet. You can find more information on our Happy Greens page.
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Menopause depends on a complex network of hormonal communications between the ovary, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland in the brain. The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which triggers the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. The FSH then stimulates the growth of the egg follicles in the ovaries to trigger ovulation. As the egg follicles grow, oestrogen is manufactured and released into the blood.
This chain reaction is not just one-way. Oestradiol, one of the ovarian oestrogens in the bloodstream, also acts on the hypothalamus, causing a change in GnRH. Next, this altered hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to produce luteinising hormone (LH) which causes the egg follicles to burst and the ovum to be released. After the egg is expelled, progesterone is also manufactured by the collapsed egg follicle which develops into the corpus luteum.
For the first eight days of the menstrual cycle, a woman's ovaries make lots of oestrogen. Oestrogen prepares the follicles for the release of one of the eggs. The rate of oestrogen secretion begins to fall around day 13 or one day before ovulation occurs. As oestrogen falls progesterone begins to rise, stimulating very rapid growth of the follicle.
Beginning with this secretion of progesterone, ovulation also occurs. After the egg has been released from the follicle (known as the luteal stage of a woman’s cycle), the follicle enlarges and becomes the corpus luteum. Progesterone is secreted from the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure with a huge capacity for hormone production. The surge of progesterone at the time of ovulation is the source of libido.
Hormones are secreted not in a constant, steady manner but at dramatically different rates during various phases of the 28-day menstrual cycle.
After 10 to 12 days, ovarian production of progesterone falls dramatically if fertilisation does not take place. It is this sudden decline in progesterone levels that triggers the shedding of the secretory endometrium (the menses), leading to a renewal of the entire menstrual cycle.
Ovarian oestrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) in preparation for fertilisation. Oestrogen proliferates the growth of endometrial tissue, while progesterone facilitates the secretory lining of the uterus so the fertilised egg can implant successfully. Adequate progesterone, therefore, is the hormone most essential to the survival of the fertilised egg and foetus.
The interaction between hormones begins to alter when a woman approaches 40. These alterations will eventually lead to menopause around the age of 50. Changes commonly start in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland rather than in the ovaries. Whatever the mechanism triggering menopause, fewer egg follicles are stimulated so the amount of oestrogen and progesterone being produced by the ovaries declines. With the reduction of these hormones, menstruation becomes scantier and erratic and eventually ceases.
However, other parts of the body such as the adrenal glands, skin, muscle, brain, pineal gland, hair follicles and body fat also produce these same hormones, enabling the body to make healthy adjustments in hormonal balance after menopause. Of course, this depends on how a woman has taken good care of herself during the premenopausal years in terms of diet and lifestyle as well as mental and emotional health.
With age, the ovaries become less responsive to pituitary gonadotropins. This results in:
When the follicles fail to respond, oestrogen is no longer produced and circulating levels of FH and FSH rise substantially. Other hormonal changes which take place are:
The perimenopausal phase starts slowly and most women are unaware that the physiology of their body is changing. Often these changes take place two to three years prior to any noticeable physical changes in the monthly cycle. The output of both oestrogen and progesterone declines gradually and may take place alongside the gradual variations in the pattern of a woman's cycle.
Supporting these changes creates a harmonious transition towards menopause. This is why it is so important for women to understand their bodies. This may be one of the reasons why some women who naturally ease into menopause without the need for medication experience fewer aggravating symptoms. In contrast, women who are forced into a menopausal state via drugs or surgery experience more full-blown symptoms.
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Osteoporosis is a condition where bone resorption outpaces bone deposition. It is mainly due to depletion of calcium from the body when more calcium is lost in urine, faeces and sweat than is absorbed from the diet.
There are two types of cells important to the development and maintenance of healthy bones: osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoclasts are the cells that cause the breakdown of old bone tissue whereas osteoblasts are the cells that stimulate the formation of new bone tissue. Osteoporosis is bone loss resulting from osteoclast dominance. If more bone is being absorbed by the osteoclast cells than what’s being laid down by the osteoblast cells, osteoporosis takes place.
Bone mass becomes so depleted that fractures can develop from the mechanical stresses of everyday living. In addition to fractures, osteoporosis causes shrinkage of the vertebrae resulting in height loss, hunched backs and bone pain. The disorder primarily affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, 80% of whom are women.
Older women suffer from osteoporosis more often than men for two reasons. First, women's bones are less massive than that of men. Second, oestrogen production in women declines dramatically at menopause. Oestrogens stimulate osteoblasts activity and synthesis of the extracellular bone matrix, so a reduction in their availability will normally bring about adverse effects. Adequate calcium intake and weight-bearing exercises particularly when a woman is younger are useful and effective approaches for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Bone has the ability to alter its strength in response to mechanical stresses. Normal stresses such as weight-bearing and resistance exercises (e.g. walking, jogging, dancing, tennis, lifting weights) cause bone tissue to become stronger. Without these stresses, bone does not remodel normally because resorption outpaces bone formation. Examples of this are when a person is bedridden or has a fractured bone in a cast. In both cases, the strength of the unstressed bone diminishes. Astronauts experiencing weightlessness also lose bone mass because there is no stress or resistance.
In women who experience premature menopause (cessation of menstrual cycles before the age of 40), the risk for developing osteoporosis is even greater. This may be due to the fact that the protective and restorative bone-building properties of oestrogen are absent for a longer period of time compared to women who normally enter menopause around the age of 50.
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Prolonged stress, therefore, can compromise ovarian and adrenal production.
Since the precursors for oestrogens, testosterone (androstenedione and DHEA) and progesterone are produced by the adrenal glands in postmenopausal women, it means that optimal adrenal gland function is needed for a smooth menopausal transition - and to remain symptom-free during postmenopausal years.
If the adrenal glands must preferentially make high amounts of cortisol and DHEA due to chronic stress, they may not be able to keep up with the demand for sex hormone precursors.
In addition, high cortisol production has been associated with bone loss in both men and women. Furthermore, increased cortisol and epinephrine raise the body’s core temperature. Once the core temperature rises above the thermoneutral zone (above is where we sweat and below is where we shiver), hot flushes can be triggered as a way to get rid of excess heat.
Below are the common symptoms associated with adrenal fatigue:
Waning ovarian function for one to several years preceding the cessation of menses causes estradiol levels to fluctuate significantly. This usually occurs when a woman is in her mid to late 40s and is characterised by irregular periods. Continually decreasing levels of oestrogen results in vasomotor symptoms and increasingly frequent anovulatory cycles. After menopause, the adrenal glands produce androstenedione, which is converted by the aromatase enzyme (found in adipose tissue) into oestradiol (oestrogen).
An increase in body weight around the torso (belly region) is a common symptom of menopause. This occurs for a couple of reasons. Firstly, the body will gain weight in this area to ensure that oestrogen continues to be manufactured from the adipose tissue, enough to sustain a woman’s needs once her ovaries decrease their production of this essential hormone. Next, the body tends to store fat around this area when a woman is adrenally deprived, which is a common symptom among women struggling with menopause.
Once we understand the body’s physiology we can then move to support its requirements by supplementing and formulating a treatment protocol specific to its needs. Naturopathic philosophy recognises the innate wisdom of the body and its attempts to facilitate preferred tendencies. Supporting healthy adrenal function before and during the menopausal transition can enable the adrenal glands to optimally perform their job in the production of sex hormone precursors.
How to optimise adrenal function:
Nutrient and botanical supplementation to support adrenal gland function provides nervous system integrity, reduces stress hormone production and creates a parasympathetic nervous system calm.
Common nutrients which support normal adrenal gland function and energy production include vitamin C, vitamins B5 and B6, magnesium, and tyrosine (an amino acid). Herbal supplements such as Licorice, Passionflower, Oats, Withania, Siberian Ginseng and Rhodiola also deliver great results.
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Perimenopause describes the period prior to complete amenorrhoea and extends over several years. Hormonal changes signalling the beginning of the perimenopausal period often begin when a woman is in her mid-forties. The length of this hormonal transition can vary because each woman's physiology and fertility pattern is different. Such variables to this progression include race, heredity, health status, diet and level of physical activity. These factors influence the way a woman experiences menopause in the same way they affect menarche, the menstrual cycle, and fertility in general.
A quick overview of the female monthly rhythm needs to be outlined in order to understand the physiological changes which take place during menopause. All the hormones released during the menstrual cycle are secreted not in a constant, steady manner but at dramatically different rates over the specific phases of the 28-day cycle.
For the first eight days, the ovaries produce lots of oestrogen to prepare the follicles for the release of one of the eggs. Oestrogen secretion begins to fall around Day 13, one day before ovulation occurs. Progesterone begins to rise at this time, stimulating very rapid growth of the follicles. Ovulation then takes place.
After the egg is released (known as the luteal stage), the follicle begins to change, enlarging and becoming the corpus luteum. Progesterone is secreted from the corpus luteum, a tiny organ with a huge capacity for hormone production. The surge of progesterone at the time of ovulation is the source of libido.
After 10 to 12 days, ovarian production of progesterone falls dramatically if fertilisation does not occur. It is this sudden decline in progesterone levels that triggers the shedding of the secretory endometrium (the menses), leading to a renewal of the entire menstrual cycle. This cycle continues month after month for at least 40 years of a woman's life. It’s no wonder that by the time a woman makes it to this 'change of life' and the hormonal rollercoaster ride stops, it is always a welcome thing!
The total number of follicles and eggs in the female body decreases throughout a woman’s lifetime due to ovulation. As she approaches menopause, the number of follicles drops further, causing a significant reduction in ovarian oestrogen production. These lowered oestrogen levels are not sufficient to signal the brain to stop producing FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and so FSH continues to be released at high levels, causing rapid but inadequate follicular development. With fewer follicles remaining, oestrogen production continues to drop. Insufficient oestrogen is produced to regularly induce the LH (luteinising hormone) surge necessary for ovulation. As ovulation ceases completely, the levels of both FSH and LH rise significantly.
Ovarian failure associated with reduced oestrogen production can start triggering menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, insomnia, headaches, mood swings and incontinence. There is also an increased risk of osteoporosis, increased bone turnover, high cholesterol levels, dry skin and reduced vaginal lubrication.
Changes such as lighter menstrual bleeding begin as a woman enters the perimenopausal phase. Most women observe that this happens around the same time their own mothers experienced changes in their menstrual cycles (often around the ages of 45 to 55).
As early as the age of 35 however (and leading up to 50), it is critical for women to be aware of the changes that are starting to occur in their bodies. That way, they can find means to support the endocrine control centres to lessen or avoid unpleasant symptoms and ensure healthy menopause.
The frequency and severity of symptoms associated with perimenopause can be improved with the right lifestyle and diet. By lightening the load on digestion and the liver, uncomfortable symptoms can often be appeased. Desensitisation, detoxification and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can be the "missing link" in the successful treatment of hormonal disorders.
If menopausal symptoms are ignored or suppressed with hormonal treatments, the underlying attempt of the body to try and manage this transition naturally is sabotaged. This can lead to a range of other issues such as:
Menopause is the time in a woman’s life when menstrual cycles permanently cease (amenorrhoea) due to the physiological changes in ovarian function. Most women would like this process to occur naturally with the least amount of problematic symptoms.
Natural menopause is diagnosed after the cessation of menses for 12 months. This phenomenon is caused by the reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) which takes place as the finite store of ovarian follicles is depleted. Women are born with a certain number of eggs which are released with each monthly cycle at the time of ovulation. Menopause occurs when the supply of eggs from the ovaries runs out. It signals both the end of menstruation and the end of the fertile years of a woman’s life.
Menarche (initial period), menstruation and menopause are normal phases in a woman’s life. In some cultures, spiritual ceremonies are even held to honour each passage. Menopause takes place when there is a shift from high hormone production that initiates and sustains hormonal development of the fertile menstrual cycle to a more passive cycle when the hormones produced are used to sustain secondary sex characteristics, skin health, bone density and energy levels. These are all positive changes; however, many people associate menopause as a time of disorders and ailments or even a time of despair. This negative connotation may have stemmed from not fully understanding or supporting the physiological changes that naturally occur in the life of a woman.
On the physiological level, menopause occurs due to a drop in oestrogen/progesterone and significantly decreased ovarian function. Hence, menstruation stops and reproductive ability ceases. With age, the ovaries become less responsive to pituitary gonadotrophins resulting in:
The timeframe for menopause is varied and it may be natural (approximately around 50 years of age), artificial (following radiation or surgery of the ovaries), or premature (before 40 years of age).
Menopause may be classified into four types:
After her menstrual period has ceased for 12 consecutive months, a woman is said to have entered postmenopause. This means that there have been no bleeds or spotting during this time. Technically, a woman is postmenopausal from the day menopause occurs until the end of her life. Ideally, it should be a symptom-free period wherein she can easily transition into midlife and beyond. Unfortunately, that is not the case for most women and there are some health considerations which still need to be addressed.
Menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, anxiety and irritability should ease up during postmenopause. Depending on how their symptoms were managed, some women may continue to experience the negative side effects associated with hormonal imbalance well into their later life.
The symptoms most women experience during their postmenopausal years can be very similar to those they had during perimenopause. These include:
In postmenopausal women, the drop in oestrogen production is sometimes not enough to sustain the health of the skeletal and cardiovascular systems. Oestrogen exhibits a protective effect on both of these systems. Postmenopausal women should, therefore, be aware of the heightened risk of developing osteoporosis, hypertension, and heart disease once they enter postmenopause.
One more thing to be vigilant about during this period is postmenopausal bleeding. For practical purposes, postmenopausal bleeding is defined as vaginal bleeding occurring after twelve months of amenorrhoea (the last menstrual cycle). Although post-menopausal bleeding is common, it is not normal to bleed at this time, even if it is just light spotting. The cause is usually something minor; however, other causes need to be ruled out such as:
For these reasons, postmenopausal women should continue to have themselves regularly checked. They must be aware of the implications of a loss of bone density as they age. A bone density screening test helps to determine the level of the mineral calcium present in the bones and is essential in the prevention of osteoporosis. Blood pressure levels should also be kept within the normal range and regular visits to a doctor can help ensure optimum heart health.
There are a range of effective and natural solutions to manage these stages of life. After-all these phases are not a disease, but a natural transition that can be managed naturally.
Peri-menopause, menopause and post menopause can be one of the most difficult time in life for women. But it doesn't have to be with the right advice and approach. All women need to transition through this time of life....it is a natural process...that can be managed naturally. Happy Hormones is a tool women are using daily to assist with these natural transitions in combination with all our health and wellbeing advice.
To get started we suggest taking our comprehensive women's health assessment. It's free and we will send you a personalised report outlining exactly what you need to do to take back responsibility for your hormonal health and manage this time of life successfully.
If you are interested in managing your symptoms naturally, Happy Hormones is a proven option to assist with perimenopause and menopausal symptoms. 8000++ and counting 5 star reviews can give you confidence there is a solution and there is no need to suffer in silence.
For more information and articles visit our page dedicated to perimenopause, menopause and post menopause. Click here
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Urinary tract infections are typically characterized by:
A UTI is the second most common type of bacterial infection diagnosed by healthcare professionals. The manifestations of a UTI depend on whether the infection involves the lower (bladder) or the upper (kidney) urinary tract and whether the infection is acute or chronic. Infections can range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to severe kidney infections which may cause kidney damage. Nevertheless, both should be considered as serious and addressed accordingly.
The urinary tract is constantly exposed to microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. However, the urinary tract generally resists infection through strong gut microorganisms and immunity. This resistance to infection is mainly ascribed to the versatility of the innate immune defences in the urinary tract. Recurrent UTI is an indication of limited healthy gut flora and an immune deficiency. This explains why it is difficult to cease a UTI with the use of antibiotics (reduce gut bacteria and immunity). It becomes a vicious cycle for many women, especially when there is also a hormonal influence.
A reduction of body defences creates a change in the body’s ability to resist infiltration from pathogens (viruses and bacteria). A decrease in the immune strength can eventually lead to:
In an acute episode of cystitis (bladder infection) or a UTI, the symptoms disappear within 48 hours and are generally caused by the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Herpes simplex virus or vaginitis (Candida or Trichomonas).
Tissue thinning that occurs during menopause and the associated decline in oestrogen production affect not only the vaginal tissue but also the urinary tract. The lining of the urethra also becomes thinner and less elastic, increasing the likelihood of urinary tract infections and incontinence. Loss of bladder control especially when laughing, sneezing or coughing is quite a distressing problem many women face as they enter the menopausal phase.
Some women are more likely to get an infection during certain times in their menstrual cycle, such as just before a period or during pregnancy. There is increasing evidence that fluctuations in the circulating levels of sex steroids (primarily oestrogen) can lead to functional changes in the female lower urinary tract. Many women will experience a UTI just prior or around the time of their menstrual period due to reducing levels of oestrogen at this time.
There are many triggers so avoiding as many as possible is important to prevent UTIs. Here are a few tips to lessen your chances of getting a urinary tract infection:
An infection in any part of the urinary system – the kidneys, bladder or urethra – is referred to as a UTI and is more common in women. It usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections can involve the kidney. Improving your diet, immunity, and gut health are imperative to reduce the severity and frequency of a UTI.
Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. Am J Med. 2002;113(Suppl. 1A):14S–19S.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01055-0
McCracken VJ, Lorenz RG. The gastrointestinal ecosystem: a precarious alliance among epithelium, immunity and microbiota. Cell Microbiol. 2001; 3:1-11
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00090.x
Foxman et al. Urinary tract infection among women aged 40-65: behavioral and sexual risk factors. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:710–718.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00352-8
The desire for lovemaking usually (but not always) wanes with age. Don't feel guilty that you’re no longer interested in sexual intimacy with your loved one.
Reduced sex drive becomes more common in women starting in their late 40s and early 50s. The effect of ageing differs across individuals, however: some women experience a significant decrease in sexual desire beginning in midlife, while others notice no change at all. A few others even report increased interest in sex during this period!
During the transition to menopause, falling oestrogen levels and its associated symptoms (hot flushes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness) can undermine sexual motivation and drive for some women. Although not directly related to menopause, the age-related decrease in testosterone may also reduce libido as this hormone plays a critical role in female sex drive and sensation. Also, some women who undergo abrupt menopause suffer a greater reduction in sexual desire than those who experience natural menopause. Abrupt menopause is caused by the removal of both ovaries or chemotherapy and leads to an immediate drop in both oestrogen and testosterone.
A gradual decline in sexual desire doesn’t pose a problem for some women; however, for others, it can be a source of distress. Decreased sex drive can trigger guilt feelings on the part of the woman. It may also frustrate her partner, create tension, and weaken their relationship.
Low libido is a complicated and touchy issue for many healthy individuals. For this reason, it is vital to understand both the physical and psychological factors that cause these changes in sexual desire.
Physical issues that can cause low libido include low testosterone, prescription medicines, too little or too much exercise, and alcohol and drug use. Psychological issues can include depression, stress, and problems in your relationship. It is important to address the underlying reasons for the loss of interest in sexual activity if it is starting to bother you.
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Statistics show that 70-80% of women experience various states of emotional distress due to symptoms of menopause.
The list seems endless and with so many unwelcome changes to deal with, most women end up feeling frustrated, confused or even isolated. It’s not uncommon to hear menopausal women complain about suffering from extreme moodiness, exhaustion, and even depression.
Menopause does not have to leave you with feelings of hopelessness or despair. There are positive steps you can take so that this significant life phase doesn't turn you into an emotional wreck.
Eating a low-processed, alkaline and high-antioxidant diet is important to allow the detox and elimination systems of the body to work efficiently. Hormonal imbalance is quite common during menopause due to the body’s inability to efficiently metabolise oestrogen, in particular. Optimal liver and digestive functions are essential so oestrogen can be metabolised properly.
For optimum digestion, it’s important to take fermented drinks and vegetables that support and build up the gut’s natural balance and defences. These bacteria assist in the breakdown of hormones excreted by the liver.
If liver function is sluggish, then many of the common menopausal symptoms develop. We suggest taking a liver support supplement containing natural amino acids and herbal medicines.
With busy lives, households and careers to manage, stress is a common issue among women transitioning to menopause. Often, women take care of themselves last and stress impacts the endocrine balance. The adrenals become exhausted and cannot take up the additional production of oestrogen leading to menopause. This results in dramatic and often debilitating symptoms such as sleeplessness, anxiety, and panic attacks.
Managing stress during this life phase is highly critical. Make sure you get adequate rest, quality sleep and regular exercise to ensure stress levels are kept to a manageable level. We highly recommend yoga and meditation to keep stress levels in check.
We know hormones are starting to shift at this time of life leading to menopause. It largely depends on how well your body copes with this process. The pituitary and hypothalamus axis is the control centre which regulates your hormones. What we find is that diet and lifestyle changes are sometimes not enough to correct the underlying imbalance.
The current approach to treating menopause is to replace any deficient hormones – progesterone and testosterone, in particular. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is another hormone produced in the adrenal gland which is reduced during menopause.
While there may be initial relief with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the problem with this approach is three-fold. First, the human body immediately reduces its own natural production is when you provide it with an external hormone. So when menopause rolls around, the situation is only compounded. Second, oestrogen levels stay elevated. This does not treat the issues of oestrogen dominance and having prolonged elevation of oestrogen is not good for the body. It may even be related to certain cancers. Lastly, the supplementation of hormones confuses the endocrine system. This leads to a decrease in the natural ability of the body to control hormone levels.
While menopause has its ups and downs, it doesn’t have to be as bad as it seems. There are plenty of things you can do to make it all easier – eat the right foods, exercise regularly, get the right supplements, and embark in a totally healthy lifestyle.
It is arguable that this high rate of hysterectomies is truly unnecessary. Many authorities agree that 90% of the procedures are elective, with less invasive alternatives available in at least 90% of these cases.
The medical profession continues to reassure women that the uterus is a disposable organ that they can quite happily live without.
A hysterectomy is performed on women between the ages of 20 to 50 for a multitude of reasons. Conditions include fibroids, endometriosis, prolapse, endometrial hyperplasia, pelvic inflammatory disorders, ovarian cysts, cancer and other menstrual dysfunctions. Hysterectomy is, by definition, the removal of a vital female organ – the uterus and sometimes also the ovaries. The fallopian tubes and cervix are removed along with the uterus in a total hysterectomy.
Fibroids are the primary reason why women in their 30s and 40s are recommended hysterectomies. Fibroids are benign, non-cancerous lumps that develop in the muscular walls of the uterus. They are composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue and are rarely solitary. Fibroids are never life-threatening; however, they can be uncomfortable and problematic. Fibroids are a product of oestrogen dominance. The female hormone oestrogen stimulates their growth, whereas a lack of oestrogen causes them to atrophy. Most fibroids shrink when oestrogen levels decline as a woman transitions to menopause.
Endometriosis is a condition in which tiny islets of the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus) become scattered in areas where they don't belong – in the fallopian tubes, within the uterine musculature, on the outer surfaces of the uterus and other pelvic organs, the colon, bladder and sides of the pelvic cavity. While the definitive cause of endometriosis is unclear, there’s a lot of evidence that explains it as a result of xenoestrogens.
Xenoestrogens are toxic chemicals that mimic oestrogen in the body. They come from byproducts of the plastic and pesticide industries. Besides being a component of plastic, xenoestrogens are also found in makeup/cosmetic products, household cleaners, laundry detergents, and some birth control medications. They are also found in sunscreens, chlorine and processed food. Since oestrogen initiates endometrial cell proliferation and blood vessel accumulation in the endometrium, the aim of treatment is to block this monthly oestrogen stimulation of aberrant endometrial islets. Orthodox medicine uses progesterone to reduce the amount of tissue which travels retrograde. Oestrogen is increased, thereby reducing the amount of endometrial lining which is shed in menses. Symptoms of endometriosis include severe menstrual cramping, heavy bleeding, nausea and vomiting.
Hysterectomy is major surgery, performed in a hospital under general anaesthesia. Typically, women are hospitalised for several days and recovery can take a year or longer. A hysterectomy is also known as 'surgical menopause' as it creates radical physiological and psychological changes. After surgery, many women spend years trying to find solutions in the hope of feeling normal again.
The after-effects of hysterectomy can be dramatic and this state of 'instant menopause' comes with its own list of consequences. Menopausal symptoms are experienced in a relatively short time and they can be quite severe. These include fatigue, insomnia, urinary problems, headaches, dizziness, vertigo, nervousness, irritability, anxiety, mood changes, heart palpitations, joint pain, weight gain, vaginal dryness, diminished physical strength, difficult or painful sexual intercourse, hair loss and a variety of skin problems.
There are also ‘post-hysterectomy syndrome’ issues to deal with such as depression, hot flushes, urinary problems and extreme postoperative fatigue. A woman may also experience feelings of grief from a sense of loss or mourning after the removal of this part of her body. Though nothing can bring back a uterus after being removed, it can be healing for any woman (even years after surgery) to spend a quiet moment, place her hand on the belly and thank the uterus for all it gave her.
The hormonal disruptions brought on by the surgery can also be far-reaching, affecting the nerve and hormone (endocrine) interactions responsible for the sense of emotional wellbeing. Hormone disruption affects the release of endorphins (serotonin, dopamine) to the brain, which is associated with feelings of calm. A change in oestrogen and progesterone levels also influence the relatively temperamental fluctuations of these ‘happy hormones’. This may explain why depression develops when the ovaries are removed or if they cease to function after menopause. This also affects the protective effect of oestrogen on the bones and cardiovascular system.
Just like any major procedure, a hysterectomy comes with associated risks. Many of the complications are related to the surgical operation itself. These include:
Undoubtedly, there are valid and justified reasons for performing a hysterectomy. Many women who’ve been suffering from chronic, painful and sometimes extremely debilitating conditions have indeed benefited immensely from surgery. However, it is every woman’s right to understanding exactly the implications of hysterectomy and have an educated discussion concerning the importance of their sex hormones.
Removal of the ovaries via a hysterectomy leaves the body without not just oestrogen (an essential female hormone) but also other hormones such as progesterone, testosterone, and androstenedione. Women who had their ovaries removed report not feeling normal when only oestrogen in the form of patches or HRT is administered. This particular treatment approach doesn’t take into consideration the other synergistic hormones which make up the complete female hormone profile. Take note, however, that a hysterectomy which leaves the ovaries intact is not associated with an interruption in ovarian activity.
The Greeks invented the word hysterikos to explain ‘suffering caused by the uterus’ (hystera = womb), which was believed to include just about any physical or psychological malady imaginable. By the 17th century, Christianity had embraced the notion that whatever was 'wrong' with women – this encompassed even non-medical issues such as sinfulness, sexuality and emotionalism – were due to the reproductive organs they carried within them. Two centuries later, when modern medicine was in its unscientific infancy, physicians fixed on the uterus as a source of just about every problem a woman complained about.
The removal of both the uterus and ovaries would be more understandable if there were no alternatives available to address problems in the female reproductive system. Fortunately, however, there are. In fact, it's fantastic how often dietary, nutritional and emotional approaches can heal many of these problems where hysterectomy is initially recommended.
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Fatigue is much more than feeling overworked or just being tired. It creeps into everyday life and affects your physical and mental well-being making it very difficult, if not impossible, to function in daily life.
Fatigue is defined as an ongoing and persistent feeling of weakness, tiredness, and lowered energy levels. Fatigue is particularly frustrating as it has a dual effect on both mind and body, making the completion of everyday routine tasks difficult, if not, impossible.
Fatigue can be a difficult thing to manage as it is such a vague condition. There’s physical fatigue, emotional or mental fatigue, fatigue as a symptom, or fatigue as a disease in itself. Many times fatigue is secondary to another more serious condition or imbalance. If you haven’t zeroed in on the cause of your fatigue, it can oftentimes be linked to your habits and lifestyle.
Fatigue is among the most common symptoms of menopause.
Up to 80% of middle-aged women report experiencing extreme bouts of fatigue at one time or another. Frequent complaints associated with menopausal fatigue include irritability, impatience and the inability to concentrate. Difficult to pinpoint and sneaky in its effects, fatigue can make this already difficult life phase even harder to deal with.
The main cause of menopausal fatigue is the change in hormone levels. Oestrogen, progesterone, thyroid and adrenal hormones are all involved in regulating cellular energy in the body which, when compromised, can lead to fatigue. Physical menopausal symptoms like night sweats and insomnia also contribute to fatigue.
For women undergoing menopausal transition, hormonal fluctuations that occur naturally during this stage could be the most likely cause of fatigue. Hormones are responsible for controlling energy at the cellular level. When levels of oestrogen and progesterone decrease, so do energy levels. Hormones also play a role in regulating the sleep cycle. These fluctuations affect a woman’s ability to get a good night’s rest, leading to fatigue in the morning.
Other hormones that work to regulate energy levels include melatonin and the thyroid and adrenal hormones. When levels of any of these hormones naturally decrease during menopause, most women feel less energetic and get tired easily. This is what leads to a feeling of persistent fatigue.
While most middle-aged women experience fatigue as a result of hormonal changes that occur naturally during menopause, there are certainly other less common conditions that can cause fatigue.
The body is cyclic in nature. Supporting it to maintain healthy energy levels is a great way to ensure that you are providing adrenal health and not simply relying on stimulants. If you want to stabilise your energy levels throughout your day without feeling the highs and lows then you need to address the underlying causes of fatigue in order to achieve balance.
The following are some important considerations:
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Women with chronic hormonal imbalances often have a genetic predisposition to poor methylation (liver detoxification) and hormone conjugation or removal, with the colon as the elimination channel. When the liver doesn't metabolise our own internal hormones (and prescribed synthetic hormones), these hormones recirculate and cause a ‘double whammy’. To make matters worse, if in conjunction with poor metabolism the bowels aren’t also voiding regularly, the hormones are further reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This can wreak havoc on the body and create something short of a catastrophe.
This undesirable condition can result from poor bacterial balance or constipation, often due to low-fibre diets and/or high intake of processed foods. Healthy bacteria play an important role in the breakdown of hormones in the bowels. Similarly, they are vital in the production of certain feel-good hormones such as serotonin, up to 90% of which is manufactured in the gut. If serotonin levels drop then depression and emotional eating can develop.
According to Menopause Insight, constipation is associated with having less than three stools per week, the presence of hard stools, and straining or difficulty while having a bowel movement. Constipation can be caused by hormone changes that take place during menopause. Many menopausal women have binge eating tendencies in an attempt to reduce stress, so unhealthy food choices can also lead to constipation. Some medications prescribed for the symptoms of menopause (vitamin supplements and sleep aids) might also have constipation as a side effect.
When not properly eliminated from the body via the colon (due to constipation), the constant recirculation of hormones creates a sluggish liver. This, in turn, decreases the liver's ability to detoxify these hormones. The constant energy required by the liver to be in a continual state of detoxification results in heat, which can cause the bowels to become dry. Coupled with gall bladder insufficiencies and poor diet choices, a chronic state of constipation can be a problem for the menopausal woman.
Gas occurs in the stomach and intestines as a result of the breaking down of food particles during digestion. Foods like broccoli, beans and cabbage produce more gases than others. Some women complain of increased discomfort associated with gas pain and flatulence during menopause. Those who do should follow a healthy diet and avoid foods that cause gas and stomach discomfort.
A decrease in hormones during menopause is also connected with increased gas, bloating and flatulence. The gall bladder, as well as liver function and digestive processes, may be compromised during this life phase as the body tries to cope with the fluctuating hormones. You will find relief and comfort by supporting these systems so they can function optimally at all times.
In addition to the diet and lifestyle suggestions listed above, here are a few other tips:
The hormone oestrogen has a direct impact on cortisol, which is also known as the ‘stress hormone’. When oestrogen is high, cortisol is low, keeping your blood sugar and blood pressure at ideal levels. However, as you go through menopause, the level of oestrogen in your body decreases, meaning that cortisol isn’t kept in check.
Adrenaline can easily be triggered in the body when the calming influence of oestrogen is missing. This switches off digestive function and when the digestive system isn’t working at its optimum level, a range of digestive problems can arise. Gas can build up and cause bloating or constipation may result when food passes through without being fully broken down. In addition, stomach acids can break down the mucous lining of the stomach wall, causing abdominal pain or indigestion.
Bowel health is key in all health conditions and menopause, although not a disease per se. Re-establishing beneficial bacteria, improving diet and fibre intake is the key and you can use tools like Happy Greens to boost bacteria levels.
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It's known that oestrogen produces changes in prostaglandins, hypothalamic opioids and prolactin secretion which may trigger headaches. If you notice a cyclic rhythm to your headaches (hormonal headaches), achieving hormonal balance is imperative to preventing the recurrence of these types of headaches.
Fluctuating oestrogen and progesterone levels can make headaches worse, so stabilising these will help reduce the frequency of headaches. Many women report having headaches before or during menstruation. Also, because of the changes in oestrogen and progesterone around ovulation, some women report headaches around the middle of the cycle. The build-up of oestrogen leading to your period and the significant drop in oestrogen just before menstruation are the main causes of hormonal headaches. Insufficient production of progesterone after ovulation (mid-cycle) up to your period may also contribute to your headache problem.
Although we are at the mercy of our hormones throughout the cycle, it’s interesting to note that our susceptibility to recurring headaches is dependent on our sensitivity to hormonal fluctuations. No matter which time of the monthly cycle your headaches occur, it’s still a symptom of hormonal imbalance which requires treatment. Should this issue remain unaddressed, each cycle will always be a rollercoaster ride for your nervous system.
Of course, other factors can contribute to headaches, so proper support for the body systems and organs affected is highly recommended (reproductive, digestive, endocrine and liver function). Here are a few considerations to look into if you’re experiencing recurring headaches:
Headaches are a signal or a message from the body sent directly to you informing you there is an area of health that needs to be addressed. Being your own investigator and keeping tabs on when headaches arise will be the best chance of uncovering the root cause of the problem.
Lieba-Samal, D., & Wöber, C. (2011). Sex hormones and primary headaches other than migraine. Current pain and headache reports. 15(5), 407–414.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21573925/
Zaitsu et al. (2007). Estradiol activates mast cells via a non-genomic estrogen receptor-alpha and calcium influx. Molecular Immunology. 44(8), 1977–1985.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17084457/
Chai, N.C., Peterlin, B.L., & Calhoun, A.H. (2014). Migraine and estrogen. Current Opinion in Neurology. 27(3), 315–324.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4102139/
Arzani et al & School of Advanced Studies of the European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS) (2020). Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 21(1), 15.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32054443/
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Exposure to xenoestrogens is the cause of early follicle depletion due to their oestrogen effect (hormonal-modulating) on the body. Xenoestrogens, both natural and synthetic, are able to mimic endogenous sex hormones and bind and activate oestrogen receptors. Xenoestrogens are compounds such as PCB's, 4-MBC (sunscreen lotions) and Bisphenols (pesticides and plastics). (Sarris & Wardle, 2010)
Aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke have been linked to oocyte destruction. There is an up-regulation of the Bax pro-apoptosis gene which results in damage to the follicles and earlier ovarian failure. “Compared to never-smokers, current smokers experienced menopause at a younger age.” (Nagel et al. 2005, 347)
Reduced antioxidant status may be linked to ageing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This could result in changes in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone resulting in menopausal progression. (Nagata et al, 2000, p. 866)
Phytoestrogens are plant components that also bind to endogenous oestrogen receptor sites. These components are less powerful and act as oestrogen modulators. Phytoestrogens do this by preventing more powerful endogenous components from binding in excess conditions (endometriosis). They may also bind to empty sites in deficient conditions. (Sarris & Wardle, 2010)
Obesity has been found to create an increased oestrogenic environment due to the heightened conversion of androstenedione and an increased level of free oestradiol due to decreased sex hormone binding globulin. This is linked to prolonged perimenopause. (Nagel et al. 2005, p.344)
Elevated blood lipids are considered a risk in cardiovascular disease. Menopause is associated with an increase in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, even with constant body weight. (Razay et al. 1992, p. 127)
High intake of carbohydrates, vegetables, fibre and cereal products is associated with shorter natural menopause whereas higher total fat, protein and meat intake is linked to prolonged perimenopause. (Nagel et al. 2005, p. 345)
By controlling our environment, personal health and well-being (which includes diet, lifestyle, exercise, medications and supplementation), we can make our journey towards menopause either the best-case scenario or the worst-case scenario.
The world around us is a toxic bubble which, in turn, can create a toxic body that is more prone to the development of diseases. If we can address as many influencing factors to make a positive change, then we can also decrease the implications of hormonal imbalance and go through menopause relatively symptom-free.
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Some people even compare this middle-aged woman to an infertile, dried-up prune who has lost interest in physical pleasure. Incontinence, depression and old age are knocking at her door, and it seems life is over for the typical menopausal woman going through this crucial phase in her life.
This paints a very negative picture which is not necessarily a true assumption of how the “change of life” progresses. Yes, many women feel these deep physical and emotional sensations; however, it does not need to be this way. The typical menopausal woman may have some complaints but largely, they don't have to stop her from leading a rich and fulfilling life as she connects to herself, her partner, her family and her community. She may be a loving grandmother caring for her grandchildren. She could be actively supporting a community group. She can start a new hobby, take a course that interests her, or travel to her dream destinations now that she has more time and resources to do so.
Remembering that the age of menopause will generally hit around the time when mature women may be heading large companies or running their own successful businesses. I can't imagine them cowering in fear or uncertainty and simply giving up due to the dreaded symptoms of menopause! The truth is, this is the time in a woman’s life when she can actually take control, make positive changes, and be the best version of herself.
A woman transitioning into menopause can be a force to reckoned with as she ticks each item off her bucket list and pursues her dreams. She can be vivacious, organised, strong, fit, busy and determined not to let anything get in the way!
We can choose to make menopause a time
for positive change.
While there are a plethora of dreadful symptoms associated with menopause, we can face them head-on and breeze through this crucial life phase with no detrimental effects. How we respond physically is a direct reflection of where we are emotionally.
There is plenty of evidence to support that preparing sensibly for mid-life – not just on the financial side, but also with a healthy diet, lifestyle and exercise plan – can dramatically influence the way a woman goes through menopause.
Each woman will experience a mix of one, two or more symptoms which can range from mild to severe. These symptoms are changeable and dependent on factors other than just our hormones. These include nutrition, exercise, lifestyle, stress management, disposition and attitude, among others. Although some very lucky women can be asymptomatic, the most common indication of menopause is hot flushes.
Hot flushes can be a very debilitating symptom which causes weakness, nausea, a pressure in the head, dizziness, post-hot-flush chills, sweating, fatigue and irritability. Somewhere between 50-75% of perimenopausal and menopausal women will experience hot flushes, the severity and frequency of which depend on other factors such as stress, liver function, diet, endocrine system balance, pharmaceutical usage and reproductive history. Generally the hot flushes will only rear their ugly head for a period of one year; however, some women can complain that they persist for up to five years.
It is no wonder that phrases such as “hot with emotion”, “hot and flustered”, “flushed with excitement” and “hot-headed” are applied to women when they are undergoing varying degrees of emotions. On the positive side, a hot flush can also be a chance for the body to eliminate more toxins through the skin via increased circulation. Some energetic healers even believe that hot flushes are productive surges carrying positive energy that push women forward into creative endeavours.
Migraines may become more frequent and severe as women approach the age of menopause. This is often due to the rapid decline and alterations of oestrogen just prior to menstruation. This, in combination with other triggers such as stress, sugar intake, food sensitivities, liver function, bowel elimination or structural neck and back influences, can exacerbate migraine episodes around this time.
The frequency of ovulation is altered as a woman approaches menopause, so the cycle length and regularity of the period will also change. This is a normal reaction and generally, no treatment is necessary. However, there are some women who may experience menorrhagia (excessive bleeding) or spotting and may require endocrine hormonal support to ensure that their bodies are better able to make the shift without creating physiological depletions.
Erratic ovulation also means that the cells of the endometrium are exposed to lower levels of oestrogen and progesterone for longer periods as the cycle changes. The changes to the endometrium may either be prolonged thinning or thickening. In the case of the lining becoming thinner and more fragile, spotting is common. In contrast, heavier bleeding can result when there is thickening of the endometrium. Throughout these perimenopausal cyclic shifts, the endometrium is more prone to abnormal cellular growth and cancerous formations.
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Breathing therapies are currently on the rise, primarily as a form of complementary or alternative physical remedy for a wide range of health issues and conditions. For instance, Pranayama Yoga and the Buteyko breathing method are among the most popular practices that advocate the use of breathing exercises for optimum health as well as adjunctive therapy for asthma and other respiratory issues.
Below, you will find other simple but effective breathing exercises that can assist you and provide relief from the physical, mental, emotional and psychological symptoms associated with menopause.
You can easily practice this exercise anywhere and anytime. It is similar to ‘counting sheep’ so it can be practised prior to bedtime to calm the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) and stop the ‘monkey mind’. Equal breathing simply means that inhalation lasts for the same length of time as exhalation. Balance can do good to the body, beginning with the breath. To start, inhale for a count of four, then exhale for a count of four (all through the nose, which adds a natural resistance to the breath).
This is a very effective technique to reduce stress prior to a busy period – an exam, a presentation or any nerve-racking situation – as it helps you to drop back into your body and be mindful of your emotions. With one hand on the chest and the other on the belly, take a deep breath through the nose, ensuring the diaphragm (not the chest) inflates with enough air to create a stretch in the lungs. The goal: Six to ten slow, deep breaths per minute for 10 minutes each day to experience immediate reductions to heart rate and blood pressure.
This breathing technique helps you observe the breath and body sensations to prevent muscle tension, anxiety and constricted breathing. Close the eyes and focus on tensing and relaxing each muscle group for two to three seconds each. Start with the feet and toes, then move up to the knees, thighs, glutes, chest, arms, hands, neck, jaw, and eyes – all while maintaining deep, slow breaths.
This breath is said to bring calm, balance, and unite the right and left sides of the brain. Starting in a comfortable meditative pose, hold the right thumb over the right nostril and inhale deeply through the left nostril. At the peak of inhalation, close off the left nostril with the ring finger, then exhale through the right nostril. Continue the pattern, inhaling through the right nostril, closing it off with the right thumb, and exhaling through the left nostril.
Alternate nostril breathing works best whenever it’s time to focus or energise. Legendary Ninjas were said to use this technique before they went into battle.
Breathing while being guided through calming and relaxing mental images can bring about healing. You can visualise being in a peaceful place while focusing on the stages of breath; you can even visualise the healing process taking place in your body. There are some great guided meditations available online. Guided visualisations help you drop into a place of deep breathing and relaxation to help stop any unpleasant internal dialogue.
Guided visualisation can be done pretty much in any place you can safely close your eyes and let go. Just make sure it’s not at the wheel of a car!
The skull-shining breath is a breathing technique designed to purify, invigorate, and rejuvenate both mind and body. Often regarded as a cleansing breath, this exercise helps release stress and toxins as it shakes off sluggishness and negative emotions.
To perform the skull-shining breath, sit still with the head and back straight. Lick your lips and take a deep breath in. Followed with a quick, powerful exhale generated from the lower belly. Visualise your skull filling with a bright light every time you take a deep breath (this is how the term skull-shining came about). Once comfortable with the contraction, up the pace to one inhale-exhale (all through the nose) every one to two seconds, for a total of 10 breaths.
This breathing exercise is especially effective when it’s time to wake up the brain. After performing this breathing exercise you should be feeling a little lightheaded and very alert.
Stress, disappointments, frustrations, and other daily setbacks will always be there. The good news is, so will our breath. By learning the correct breathing techniques, we can bring about positive changes to our thoughts and actions. This just goes to show that mastering the art of breathing is a very important factor in healing and achieving better health.
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Every month after menstruation, the body begins to rebuild oestrogen levels in the form of oestradiol (the active form of oestrogen). Some oestradiol is converted to a weaker form called oestrone. Oestradiol and oestrone are then secreted into the bloodstream and travel to oestrogen-sensitive cells to stimulate cell growth. Peak oestrogen levels are reached just prior to ovulation and then fall just before menstruation begins.
Oestrogens are made from progesterone and/or androgens in the ovarian cells. After menopause, oestrogens are converted from the adrenal-producing androgens found primarily in body fat. Oestrogen and progesterone are both antagonistic and yet sensitive receptors for the other. Progesterone has a balancing effect on excessive oestrogen.
Oestrogen is a hormone produced in the ovaries and signalled by the pituitary gland. It exhibits sustaining effects on the female reproductive system. Being the dominant female hormone, the functions of oestrogen are:
Many female health problems and symptoms arise due to hormone imbalance – typically oestrogen dominance. Oestrogen dominance or progesterone deficiency occurs in a woman where there is a high oestrogen-to-progesterone ratio. Symptoms of this hormonal imbalance include:
The table below demonstrates the effects of varying oestrogen levels:
LOW OESTROGEN |
HIGH OESTROGEN |
Follicular phase of cycle |
Luteal phase of cycle |
Long cycle |
Short cycle |
Scanty flow |
Heavy bleeding |
Missed cycles (amenorrhea) |
Dysmenorrhoea |
Reduced ovulation |
Reduced progesterone |
Later menarche |
Early menarche |
PMS, endometriosis, cyclic breast disorders, fibroids, menopause symptoms, risk of estrogen-dependent cancers |
Oestrogen has positive effects on the cardiovascular system, reproductive organs, bones, brain, and skin. Issues experienced during menopause such as memory loss, osteoporosis and vaginal dryness simply validate the importance of maintaining optimal oestrogen levels. However, having too much oestrogen in the body may increase the risk of hormone-related cancers such as endometrial, prostate and breast cancer.
The final piece of the puzzle is the reduction in oestrogen levels leading to menopause. The ovaries reduce their production of oestrogen, triggering the elevation of FSH and LH. This, in turn, triggers the characteristic symptoms of menopause. The ovaries and adrenal glands continue to produce some oestrogen; however, if the drop is considerable and the adrenals cannot cope then the symptoms of menopause can be dramatic until the body balances itself.
The second source of oestrogen is derived from the conversion of androgens to oestrone by the aromatase enzyme. This process is called aromatisation and occurs predominantly in the muscles and fatty tissue (adipose).
Women in the postmenopause phase will derive most of their oestrogen through this aromatisation of androgens. Often, this conversion of oestrogen is enough to sustain them; however, if the adrenals are in poor condition due to a lifetime of stress, nutritional deficiencies, and other negative factors, the conversion is decreased and the symptoms of menopause are more extreme.
Progesterone is one of two main hormones made by the ovaries of menstruating women (the other being oestrogen). These two hormones are antagonistic yet sensitised receptors for the other. Progesterone has a balancing effect on excessive oestrogen. Progesterone, which is also made in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands, is the precursor to oestrogen, testosterone and the cortical steroids.
Progesterone is made from cholesterol and is synthesized from the steroid pregnenolone, which itself is derived from cholesterol. It is a hormone that depends on ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum (luteal phase of the cycle) for its production. Due to ovulation rates declining during the perimenopausal years, the amount of progesterone present also begins to diminish. In those cycles where ovulation fails completely, progesterone levels are negligible.
When a woman’s cycle is functioning correctly, oestrogen is the dominant hormone during the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle. In response to ovulation, progesterone then assumes dominance for the final two weeks of the month. When the pituitary gland sends a message to the ovaries to stop producing progesterone, the menstrual cycle begins within 48 hours.
Due to ovulatory cycles, progesterone levels typically decline before menopause starts. This is followed by a decline in oestrogen. Progesterone tends to fall to almost zero while oestrogen declines to about 40-50%. This situation leads to an imbalance between oestrogen and progesterone causing an increase in oestrogen activity which is commonly described as oestrogen dominance.
Progesterone production is reliant on ovulation (luteal phase of the cycle) and the development of the corpus luteum. With the decline in ovulation when a woman moves from her fertile to non-fertile years, the biological changes that take place with oestrogen also occur with progesterone.
Progesterone is commonly called the 'pregnancy hormone' as it is produced in larger amounts once conception takes place. Its primary role in pregnancy is to convert the endometrium to its secretory stage to prepare the uterus for implantation.
Androgens are often mistakenly thought of as a “male only” sex hormone. However, androgens are also natural to the female body, where they are produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands and other tissues. Androgens are necessary for estrogen synthesis in adult women and have been shown to play a key role in the prevention of bone loss. They are also necessary to maintain or boost sexual desire and satisfaction.
At menopause, the average reduction in androgen production by the adrenal glands is 50%. Maintaining ovarian and adrenal androgen production is an important focus for menopausal support. Supporting adrenal gland function throughout the menopausal years is fundamental to hormone control as they produce androgens that serve important functions. Postmenopausal women rely on the adrenals to produce androgens after a decline in oestrogen production by the ovaries. Androgens are converted into oestrone and used in the synthesis of oestrogen.
Another hormone influenced by menopause is testosterone. Testosterone is an androgen hormone produced in the ovaries and adrenal glands. Testosterone levels also begin to decline as a woman transitions into menopause. Women actually need small amounts of testosterone as part of the mix of hormones that keep the mood, energy levels, sex drive, and bodily functions working smoothly. Without the sustaining and maintaining effects of testosterone, they are left feeling depleted and lacking vitality.
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Red berries, vegetables, herbs and spices are rich in antioxidants and phenolic compounds. These components provide the anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic properties that are responsible for the many health benefits of these foods. They’re also a rich source of dietary fibre and other essential nutrients such flavonoids, catechins, procyanidins, carotenoids and Vitamin C. These are the compounds which protect the plant against diseases and also provide the vibrant red, purple or blue colours, flavours and aromas of the antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables.
Berries are potentially useful for inhibiting the growth of intestinal pathogens due to their natural, potent antimicrobial agents. Carcinogenesis and oxidative lesions also occur in the body and accumulate with age, thus increasing the risk of cancer. The antioxidant content of certain fruits and vegetables may reduce the oxidative damage that occurs with age and therefore reduce the risk of cancer.
Potent antioxidants have also long been known to improve memory and reduce the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. They also protect the eyes and prevent age-related vision problems. Other benefits of increasing your intake of antioxidants include:
Antioxidant sources such as antioxidant foods, herbs, spices and teas, reduce the effects of free radicals (also called oxidative damage/stress) which play a major role in disease formation. The leading health problems facing us today (conditions like heart disease, cancer and dementia) have been linked to increased levels of oxidative damage and inflammation. In simple terms, oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, leading to other chemical chain reactions that damage cells.
Sources of antioxidants in your diet offer much-needed help in counteracting the damage done by factors like excessive sun exposure, a poor diet, smoking, alcohol or drug use, certain medications, toxicity or chemical exposure, and even high amounts of stress and other natural factors that increase the risk of age-related problems. In the process of fighting free radical damage, antioxidants protect healthy cells while halting the growth of malignant or cancerous cells.
Most foods will contain a small amount of naturally occurring antioxidants. However, here is a list of the most potent ones:
We also recommend Happy Liver, our signature blend of herbal medicines which contains SOLARPLAST®, a very potent plant-based antioxidant.
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The microscopic structures of the ovaries are constantly changing during the monthly menstrual cycle. Ova are present throughout the cycle at different stages of development, maturation or disintegration. The ovaries are the ovum-producing reproductive organ and also form part of the endocrine system. There are two ovaries, each situated on either side of the uterus.
The vagina is the opening to the reproductive organs and is situated between the rectum (the opening from the bowel) and the urethra (the opening from the bladder). It is where uterine secretions are shed through during menstruation. Because the vagina is a musculature structure, it has the ability to stretch and contract in vast proportions. We see this in its capacity to accept an erectile penis or give birth to a baby.
The vulva forms part of the vagina known as the external genitalia. The vulva is the collective term for the labia minora and labia majora, the vaginal and urethral openings, the clitoris and the Bartholin's glands.
The uterus is a musculature organ and is considered one of the strongest muscles in the body. This organ stretches to accommodate a growing foetus and has the ability to rhythmically contract and relax during childbirth. Uterine muscular contractions are also involved in post-delivery blood loss and the loss of menstrual blood each month. The health of the uterus is therefore strongly implicated in the severity of menstrual symptoms experienced by a woman.
The uterus is generally about the size of a pear; however, changes to its size and shape occur when fibroids or polyps are present. Repeated pregnancies can also influence the structure of the uterus.
The endometrium is the lining of the uterus which sheds during menstruation. It develops over the monthly cycle, thickening and softening due to the influence of the ovarian hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) that encourage its growth. If no fertilisation of the Graafian follicle occurs then the lining actively sheds (menstruation) and becomes renewed, ready for the next cycle to begin.
The lower third of the uterus is the tubular cervix. Half of this channel protrudes into the vagina and the other half is above the vagina. It is sometimes called 'the neck of the womb’, a term which helps us to understand its association and link to the rest of the reproductive organs.
The cervical opening is usually small and tightly closed; however, throughout the process of childbirth, it has the ability to enlarge and allow for the outward passage of the baby. It also enables the entry and transport of sperm to the ovaries and facilitates discharge of menstrual fluid during monthly periods.
The cervix is very susceptible to infection, inflammation and bleeding and also prone to cancerous growths. A speculum examination, a swab or a PAP smear are preventive measures that can easily detect these issues.
The fallopian tubes are a muscular, funnel-shaped structure lined with microscopic hairs called cilia. Due to rhythmic contractions occurring within the fallopian tubes, a fertilised egg (ovum) is able to travel down from the endometrium to the uterus in preparation for implantation and further development. These contractions also encourage menstrual blood to flow down through the reproductive organs rather than allowing them to stagnate and create inflammation or infection.
At the ends where the ovaries meet the fallopian tubes are tiny, finger-like projections called fimbriae. Their main function is to draw and sweep the ovum into the fallopian tube by creating waves in the fluid surrounding the ovaries. Once there, the musculature action of the fallopian tubes and cilia take over to gently guide the egg down to the uterus. Damage to the fimbriae caused by infection, surgery, endometriosis or adhesions can dramatically affect the normal functioning of these structures and thereby cause infertility.
A woman's anatomy is extremely complex and there are many interactions and synergies we are yet to fully understand. One thing we do know for sure is that the best way to manage symptoms associated is to allow the body to regulate itself. ONLY the body has the systems and intelligence to balance itself. The secret is to use what nature has provided us in terms of nutrition and herbal medicines to stimulate the body to heal itself. This is our purpose.
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Some symptoms associated with poor nutritional intake in the elderly are:
Good nutrition plays a significant role in determining the well-being of older people and reducing the risk of diseases. For instance, it has been observed that eating too few fruits and vegetables may be responsible for close to three million deaths worldwide every year. In addition, dietary fat intake seems to be associated with various cancers while nutritionally unbalanced diets, which are often associated with diabetes, play a significant role in increasing the risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Many of the diseases suffered by older persons are a result of dietary factors, some of which have been in operation since infancy. Food preferences tend to be formed in childhood and children who eat a balanced diet with lots of fruits and vegetables are more likely to continue with these dietary habits when they become adults. On the other hand, parents who consume too much processed foods with high levels of salt, sugar and fat tend to pass on such unhealthy dietary choices to their children. Because our taste buds have been accustomed to certain foods, we seek out such foods in our daily diet.
While it is better to start eating a balanced diet early in life, it’s never too late to change your dietary habits, reap the rewards, and achieve improved health states. It should also be noted that nutritional requirements change as the body ages, with calorific needs decreasing and nutritional needs increasing.
When working with dietary requirements, here are some key points to consider. Pay particular attention to these major food groups as well as the following macronutrients and micronutrients:
Stress is a common malady for modern-day women who often need to work full time, run a household, manage children and everything else that comes with our fast-paced society. Stress is a natural mechanism designed for short periods. With continued stress, however, thyroid function can weaken as the body attempts to balance the effects of adrenaline and cortisol. As a result, long-term stress can lead to adrenal exhaustion.
Stressors initiate chemical responses between the brain (limbic system) and the nervous system. These messages stimulate the autonomic nervous system to respond either via emotional expression or survival mechanisms (fight or flight). Increased stress hormones produced in the adrenals (cortisol and adrenalin) cause a reaction in the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). While we may experience the same situation as another, we deal with it in our own unique way. However, when someone experiences a stressor of any origin and interprets it as negative, the body reacts in the same specific manner. This is called the "fight or flight" response or the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
During the alarm reaction, resistance or exhaustion phases of the stress response, the impact on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis feedback loop to the ovaries can be sufficient enough to disrupt the hormonal balance and consequently, the functioning of the reproductive organs. Understanding the intricate relationship between these feedback systems shows that high stress causes the hypothalamus (GnRH secretion) to stop secreting the stimulus for ovulation (LH and FSH) in its usual pulsatile manner. A confused and dysregulated hormonal system is created and irregularities to the cycle are initiated.
Common illness patterns resulting from prolonged exposure to stress include:
Don’t let stress take over your health and vitality. Book in now for a one-on-one consultation with any of our holistic health practitioners. The HHY team will specifically design a treatment plan for your health concerns and incorporate stress management skills, dietary and lifestyle changes, along with herbal or nutritional supplementation when needed.
Morey, J. N., Boggero, I. A., Scott, A. B., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2015). Current Directions in Stress and Human Immune Function. Current opinion in psychology, 5, 13–17.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4465119/
Ranabir, S., & Reetu, K. (2011). Stress and hormones. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 15(1), 18–22.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079864/
Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005). Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annual review of clinical psychology, 1, 607–628.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568977/
Scott, K. A., Melhorn, S. J., & Sakai, R. R. (2012). Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity. Current obesity reports, 1(1), 16–25.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428710/
Segerstrom, S. C., & Miller, G. E. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychological bulletin, 130(4), 601–630.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1361287/
Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI journal, 16, 1057–1072.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579396/
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Our body needs the right nutrients to fight off damage and the skin is no different. Nutrients help the cells replicate and have more energy. On the other hand, low-nutrient diets, processed foods, stress, and toxins will accelerate ageing. Protecting yourself from harmful chemicals while getting enough sleep, relaxation and exercise will all help to maintain a healthy and youthful glow.
What can you do daily to improve the overall condition and appearance of your skin? Healing always takes place from within – the more you improve the internal environment, the better it will be reflected on the external surface of your body. Conditions such as skin rash are a reflection of the health of the gut, liver, bowels and emunctories (elimination organs). If your skin is lacking vibrancy, you may need to look at the deeper causes of poor circulation and elimination.
Here is a list for you to follow and over time, your skin will thank you for your efforts.
Drink plenty of water (at least 2 litres a day). Even a small amount of dehydration will cause your body to function in a less optimal way. Water is essential to maintain the optimum skin moisture and deliver essential nutrients to the skin cells. Just by ensuring we are drinking plenty of water during the day will keep our skins appearance nice and supple by replenishing the skin tissue and improving it's elasticity.
Eat foods which are rich in natural antioxidants. Antioxidants are the best resources your body has to fight disease and ageing. They help reduce cell damage and inflammation which are the leading causes of wrinkle formation. Some of the best sources of antioxidants include:
Have a rainbow-coloured food plate. Free radicals form in our bodies and cause major damage to our cell structures. The different nutrient-rich foods we eat can help neutralise them. You need to consume the widest variety of antioxidants to fight off the different kinds of free radicals. Think about what colours you've missed throughout the day and try to incorporate them into your next meal.
Eat organic foods to ensure that your body is free of toxic burdens. This ensures that you are not contributing to a build-up of toxins and chemical residues that can accelerate ageing.
Limit your sun exposure. Small amounts of daily sun produce Vitamin D and are beneficial to your health. However, too much sun will damage your skin. Don’t forget to wear your sunglasses on bright days and use zinc or titanium dioxide-based sunscreen formulations.
Opt for natural skin products as many skincare products contain harsh chemicals. When choosing moisturisers or makeup, research the ingredients to confirm that they're safe. Better still, make your own homemade versions using natural ingredients and essential oils.
Use non-toxic cleaning products. It is imperative to limit exposure to toxic chemicals because you inhale them into the lungs and the skin absorbs them as well. Many cleaning products are laden with harsh chemicals and ingredients which contribute to hormonal and endocrine disruption. Make your own cleaning formulas at home using lemons, vinegar and bicarbonate soda. You can also use essential oils such as Eucalyptus, Tea Tree, Lemon, Grapefruit, Thyme and/ or Orange in a vinegar-based cleaning spray. If you keep on top of your cleaning using these ingredients only (and some muscle power), you won’t have to use the harsh chemical forms in your home.
Have plants inside the home and office. Surprisingly, indoor pollution levels can even be higher than the outdoors. A plant in your kitchen and living room or by your desk at work will act as an air filter.
Get enough vitamin C. Researchers have found that skin exposed to vitamin C for long periods of time can produce up to eight times more collagen. That simply means fewer wrinkles!
Avoid sugar. It produces free radicals that destroy collagen and elastin, both of which help keep skin strong and supple.
Eat healthy fats. Incorporate foods such as avocados, olive oil, flax seeds, nuts and fish into your diet. They’re packed with essential fatty acids that nourish and moisturise the skin to make it look more youthful.
Cleanse your body. A buildup of toxins from the air, water and food we eat can cause oxidative damage and premature ageing. Detoxing via a juice cleanse is recommended so the body is able to focus on energy production and toxin elimination. Have a glass of water with the juice of ½ to 1 freshly squeezed lemon first thing in the morning for regular cleansing.
Engage in activities that relieve stress. High levels of stress will compromise your skin. Consider yoga or meditation. Eliminate problematic people and activities from your life. Confide in your friends and openly talk to them about your worries and troubles.
Get enough sleep. Your skin rejuvenates and repairs itself mostly while you’re asleep. Make sure that you’re not just getting eight hours of sleep each night – it also has to be quality sleep.
Exercise regularly. It increases the circulation of oxygen and nutrients and releases toxins through sweat, which leads to clearer and firmer skin. Also, remember to smile always – it’s the best exercise for your face!
Summary
What you do for your internal health has a direct impact on the vibrance and health of your skin. Implement all these tips as part of a wellness lifestyle and you will benefit from the changes for years to come.
Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. (2017). The Roles of Vitamin C in Skin Health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579659/
Schagen, S. K., Zampeli, V. A., Makrantonaki, E., & Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging. Dermato-endocrinology, 4(3), 298–307.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583891/
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You’ve probably heard or read a lot about serotonin, a powerful neurotransmitter required by the brain and body to feel happy.
Often labelled as one of the ‘happy hormones’, up to 90% of serotonin is found in the gut. The other neurotransmitters that form the ‘happy quartet’ are dopamine, oxytocin, and endorphins.
It’s no wonder that with the poor habits of the Western diet we see so many stagnant gut conditions such as candida, leaky gut and dysbiosis. With the proliferation of negative gut flora, there is a decline in the storage and production of this essential hormone for happiness.
These are the specific functions of the neurotransmitter serotonin:
Oestrogen and progesterone receptors are also found in serotonin-producing receptors in the brain. Oestrogen increases the production rate and receptor density of serotonin, as well as that of endorphins and other beneficial neurotransmitters. Declining oestrogen during perimenopause seems to lead to lower levels of serotonergic activity, which might contribute to depression and the mood changes associated with this life phase.
Depression, anxiety or nervousness are very common symptoms of menopause.
These symptoms can be directly linked to the decreased production of serotonin in the brain and gut. For this reason, improving gut health will have a remarkably positive effect on the well-being and positive outlook of an individual. The body’s ability to maintain homeostasis of the biochemical receptivity of the brain, and its associated hormone production, is seen by the long-term improvement of the gut and its ability to absorb and utilise the foods we consume.
Hormones are the messengers that travel through the bloodstream to start, stop, speed up or slow down physical and chemical functions and processes across all body systems.
The ovarian hormones have an effect on many neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically in the interaction among oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone, serotonin and dopamine. By gaining an understanding of these neurotransmitters and the way they influence our emotional state and physiological health, we can better understand why our bodies are reacting in certain ways.
The nervous system is highly influenced by hormones which act on an individual's perceptions, emotions, personality and physical state. Below is a table outlining how these hormones affect the nervous system:
HORMONE ACTION |
HORMONE EXCESS |
HORMONE DEFICIENCY |
Oestrogen |
anxiety, agitation, irritability, emotional lability, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive tendencies and phobias |
mood swings, memory loss, inability to focus, irritability, fatigue, depression, stress and anxiety |
Progesterone |
sedation and depression |
mood swings, insomnia and restlessness |
Testosterone |
aggression, impulsive behaviour and hypersexuality |
reduced sexual desire, hot flushes, sweating, lethargy, fatigue and depression |
Serotonin |
confusion, agitation, restlessness, headaches, rapid heart rate and blood pressure changes |
depression, anxiety, |
Dopamine |
enhanced concentration, |
anxiety, irritability, tension, |
Ultimately your internal health and balance impact on your body's ability to regulate hormone levels. What you eat, how much sleep you get, regular exercise and proper hydration have a direct effect on hormonal control.
When hormonal control goes awry, natural medicines can be used as a catalyst to stimulate the body to regulate its own levels. It's no use prescribing one or another hormone when in reality, the body should be producing and regulating its own levels. The hormonal system is far too complex to manipulate with hormones. The body must do this itself, and Happy Hormones can be used as a tool to restore normal controls.
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If you suffer from anxiety or depression, you're not alone.
Anxiety and depression are among the leading symptoms women struggle with during midlife, especially as they approach and go through menopause. Possible causes of anxiety and depression include a combination of biological, psychological and social sources of distress. Increasing research also suggests that these factors may cause problems in brain function, including the abnormal activity of certain neural circuits in the brain.
The persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characterises major depression can lead to a range of behavioural and physical symptoms. These include changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, behaviour and self-esteem.
Depression can also be associated with thoughts of suicide.
Symptoms of anxiety can be overwhelming for many people and they often contribute to other issues such as nausea, dizziness, heart palpitations and the inability to cope with life's pressures.
Stress hormones produced by the adrenals (cortisol and aldosterone) are released when we experience challenging situations such as arguments, working long hours, illness, fatigue, etc. These hormones stimulate the nerves (neuroexcitatory) and may cause anxiety, restlessness, nervousness, fear, panic and distress. Long term production of these hormones is detrimental to the health and wellbeing of an individual. This is due to the overstimulation and hyperactivity of the adrenals which can lead to burnout.
Depression and anxiety disorders are an unpleasant combination of emotions and may often include:
Consider these helpful recommendations when dealing with the symptoms of anxiety and depression:
Nature has provided us with remedies that can address the nutrient deficiencies associated with stress and nervous system sensitivity:
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Other common symptoms associated with these fluctuations in body temperature are increased heart rate, palpitations, breathlessness, headaches, dizziness, insomnia, weakness, itchy skin, and numbness of the hands and arms.
As hot flushes subside, cold chills can often follow. This is because perspiration evaporates and cools the body. The intensity and frequency of hot flushes vary greatly – some women may only experience one while others are troubled by numerous episodes throughout the day.
Almost 80% of women experience hot flushes prior to and during menopause.
The hypothalamus is the endocrine gland responsible for regulating body temperature and the hormonal changes which occur during menopause (drop in estrogen). Hot flushes are the first noticeable symptom of the onset of peri-menopause and will occur when women are still having their monthly periods. Hot flushes will generally last for 1-2 years as women transition through the cessation of menstruation and tend to subside when the body adapts to the lower amounts of estrogen. However, some women may experience hot flushes for almost a decade following menopause and this is usually an indication of adrenal insufficiencies.
Regular exercise helps relieve emotional and physical tension that can trigger hot flushes. You’ll be surprised at how much a daily half-hour brisk walk can help. Just be sure to avoid walking under the hot sun. Especially during summer, take your walk early in the morning or at evening time when it’s a lot cooler.
Emotional stress can also be a big trigger for hot flushes. Practices such as meditation and breathing help to create a calm internal environment that keeps your body and emotions in balance. Here are some examples of simple breathing techniques you can practice intermittently during the day:
As well as taking Happy Hormones, these tips can help you manage your hot flushes more effectively, and minimise your discomfort. Our practitioner team are available online to support you on your menopause journey.
Hot flushes certainly can disrupt your quality of life during menopause however it does not have to be like this. Menopause is a natural process your body must transition through. With the support of Happy Hormones and focusing on your diet, lifestyle and adrenal health, you can navigate this stage of life successfully and drug free. The implications on your overall health are significant and you can continue to enjoy your life now and in the future.
To get started we suggest taking our online women's health assessment. It's free and gives you a comprehensive report outlining the steps to take back control of your hormonal health. Simply click this link to get started.
]]>Every activity we do during the day affects our hormone levels and ultimately, the quality of our sleep. Whether we are running errands, spending three hours watching TV or are busy with shift work, our body needs the time to regulate itself again whilst we sleep.
Understanding the connection between hormones and sleep may help improve your sleep quality and general well-being.
For both men and women, changes in our sex hormone levels can affect how well we sleep. The circadian rhythm which controls the sleep cycle is intimately connected with the endocrine system. In fact, the hypothalamus which controls the endocrine system also controls the circadian rhythm.
Our circadian rhythm (frequently referred to as our body clock) is essentially our 24-hour sleep/wake cycle. With the onset of darkness at sunset, the pineal gland senses this change in light and melatonin is released to start preparing the body for the sleep process. This is the reason why bright and flashing lights, as well as flickering television or computer screens, are not conducive for initiating a healthy sleep phase.
Several hormones are released into the bloodstream as we sleep, including those which are essential for the repair and growth of the body. Some studies have shown that people who get less than seven hours sleep are more likely to be obese or overweight, have imbalanced blood sugar levels, are resistant to insulin, and have thyroid issues. It is no wonder that shift workers, mothers who wake often at night, insomniacs and the like, have trouble establishing a sensitive and effective endocrine system.
Our body is not made up of independent pieces working on their own – everything is interconnected. The sooner we understand this, the better we are able to address and manage a whole range of diseases linked to endocrine imbalances. Among these are hormonal disorders.
Hormones such as adrenaline make us feel more alert and prepared for action. Increased adrenaline levels towards the end of the day, however, can make it hard for us to go to sleep. To prevent this, it’s best to do relaxing activities before bedtime and avoid stressful tasks or intense exercise.
When stress is long-lasting, adrenocorticotrophic hormones within the pituitary gland trigger the release of cortisone and cortisol from the adrenal glands. A clear example is athletes or fitness buffs having sleep problems related to higher levels of cortisol produced during their training regime days. It takes time for the effects of cortisol to wear off and if you don’t practice coping skills such as meditation and relaxation, it takes longer for the nervous system to release and rest in the sleep phase.
Summary
Sleep is off critical importance to set your correct circadian rhythm which then assists in keeping your hormonal cycle in synch. Ensuring you remove all the triggers which prevent healthy sleep, and then regulating hormones and using a product like HAPPY SLEEP to break the poor sleep cycle and regulate your circadian rhythm is the key to getting a good nights sleep.
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J. (2012). Sleep and immune function. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 463(1), 121–137.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256323/
Covassin, N., Singh, P., & Somers, V. K. (2016). Keeping Up With the Clock: Circadian Disruption and Obesity Risk. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 68(5), 1081–1090.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5063707/
Gamble, K. L., Berry, R., Frank, S. J., & Young, M. E. (2014). Circadian clock control of endocrine factors. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 10(8), 466–475.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304769/
Greer, S. M., Goldstein, A. N., & Walker, M. P. (2013). The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nature communications, 4, 2259.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763921/
Lee, J., Han, Y., Cho, H. H., & Kim, M. R. (2019). Sleep Disorders and Menopause. Journal of menopausal medicine, 25(2), 83–87.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6718648/
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What happens if you do not fit into these conventional models? What happens if you are experiencing symptoms of hormonal imbalance such as mood swings, irritability, anxiety, irrationality, depression, anger, tension and stress at different times in your cycle? You may not have even recognised it yourself and thought life was just getting too difficult. Probably, you were prescribed anti-depressants or simply told to manage stress more effectively. But this is really a more serious matter you should look into.
When symptoms cannot be classified in medical terms we begin to question their legitimacy or start searching for other causes. The sad part is that the ones we love the most are those who bear the brunt of this hormonal imbalance. Is it really the underpants left on the floor, the toys scattered through the house or the overly active children making you feel this way? Daily stress is one of the main triggers of hormonal imbalance; however, IT IS NOT what is acutely making you feel this way.
“I have a full-time business, four children and a husband of 19 years. I was giving up on all of them. I had no interest in them or my life.”
Many women (yes you are not alone) suffer from these symptoms at various times in the cycle – some even throughout the entire cycle. The constant mental and emotional distress takes its toll so bad that women literally feel they are losing control. Simple daily tasks become very difficult to accomplish and for a few women, the symptoms can get so overwhelming that their whole life crumbles. As a result, they may experience relationship breakdowns, loss of employment and financial hardships. Who would think a physical health imbalance could create such dire consequences when left untreated?
“Even organising myself to perform the basic tasks of life became impossible for several days of each month. When I am not in control I hate myself – and I was not in control.”
The key to understanding here is that these “life-changing” psychological symptoms have a physical cause - hormonal imbalance. Mental and emotional issues are well-documented symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, perimenopause and menopause. The problem is that conventional medicine often misdiagnoses hormonal imbalance for depression. This is so because there are very few conventional treatments which are effective for the psychological symptoms associated with hormonal imbalance. In fact, the most commonly prescribed treatments are anti-depressants which do not really address the root cause of the problem. Eventually, the symptoms get worse and women are left to deal with increasing hormonal imbalance and even drug dependency.
Constant mental and emotional neurosis can have a devastating effect, disrupting all aspects of family, work, social and personal life. The irony is that the peak incidence of mental and emotional symptoms occurs when women have so much in their hands – raising a family and running a business or building a career.
That is why it is important to differentiate hormonal imbalance from clinical depression as the two conditions have similar symptoms, yet the causes and treatment are very different. The key diagnostic feature of hormonal imbalance, as opposed to depression, is that the symptoms often worsen premenstrually and during ovulation.
The incidence of suicide among women increases by 45% in the week preceding menstruation.
There are many contributing factors to hormonal imbalance; however the most common is a history of synthetic hormone use such as contraceptives and hormone replacement. Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, high levels of stress, a diet high in simple sugars and processed foods, family history and a sedentary lifestyle can also bring about hormonal imbalance.
Hormonal imbalance often begins with PMS, then women begin to notice changes at ovulation and in the latter part of the menstrual cycle. Eventually, the level of physical, mental and emotional symptoms spread throughout the entire month, with a little bit of relief on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th days of menstruation when the hormone levels are relatively stable.
As opposed to depression, it is important to note that hormonal imbalance can be experienced for only a few days of each cycle. It is only when a woman approaches menopause that she may experience symptoms constantly. Most women suffer from some degree of hormonal imbalance with varying symptoms at different stages in life. The good news is that with the correct approach, all these symptoms can be managed and avoided.
Summary
Hormones have a very real and dramatic impact on your physical and emotional wellbeing. Hormonal imbalance is not a disease, it is an imbalance. Treating it as a disease leads to prescription drugs and a slippery slope of dependence. It is always better to manage natural processes with natural medicines as they balance as opposed to suppressing.
Our unique combination of Happy Hormones, diet and lifestyle advice has been shown to be very effective in managing symptoms relating to menopause. Check our reviews from thousands of women who are now managing their symptoms naturally and improving their overall health.
]]>"Hormones are the messengers for the body, but the glands are the conductors."
The endocrine system regulates itself through a negative feedback process. When one gland is activated, another works to deactivate it so the body does not run out of control.
Poor communication within the endocrine system, especially along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, contributes to the negative symptoms associated with reproduction (including menopause). An example of this is abnormal activity in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as it directly impacts the adrenal glands. When stressed, this pathway increases the production of cortisol and less of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). DHEA is the base hormone that helps produce other hormones, including testosterone and estrogen.
The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney. They secrete the hormones cortisol and aldosterone which are implicated in some of the common complaints of nervous system overstimulation and physical ailments. High secretory times of the adrenal glands are between 8 - 10 am, with their lowest around midnight.
The adrenal glands signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic nervous system (via the amygdala, medulla and adrenal cortex) and secrete hormones such as corticotrophin-releasing hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, glucocorticoids, cortisol, and PAF. Small quantities of androgens are also manufactured by the adrenal cortex, usually in equal amounts in both males and females. These include androstenedione, androsterone, DHEA, and testosterone.
The hypothalamus essentially controls and regulates the endocrine system as well as the reproductive system and the nervous system. Most notably, the hypothalamus influences stress responses and the regulation of the hormones which have a direct influence on the balance and functions of the reproductive organs. Homeostasis (balance) of the HPA axis creates a highly regulated feedback loop to the reproductive organs which, in turn, reduce any reproductive symptoms and improve the health of its cycles.
Here is an overview of the specific actions of the hypothalamus:
Of course, there are factors that activate the hypothalamus which work largely via negative feedback mechanisms. The increased sensitivity or overstimulation of the actions of the hypothalamus are caused by:
Aside from their important function of storing and maturing eggs for reproduction, the ovaries have another crucial role – producing hormones before, during and after menopause.
Far from the popular myth that they dry out, shrivel up and become completely useless at menopause, the ovaries perform a vital function during a woman's entire postmenopausal life. As women naturally age, a part of the ovary – the theca which is the outer covering where eggs grow and develop – does shrink. However, the stroma in the inner part of the ovary actually becomes active at menopause for the first time in a woman's life.
This just goes to show that the ovaries continue to function after menopause, working in concert with the skin, liver and fat to produce hormones. The small number of hormones produced by the postmenopausal ovaries and adrenal glands promote bone health and skin suppleness, support sexual function, protect against heart disease and contribute to a woman's health and well-being.
The removal of the ovaries is a great trauma to a woman at any age.
While it is true that reproduction is the most important role of the ovaries, it is not their only purpose. These reproductive organs have as much to do with the maintenance of a woman's own life as with her role of bringing other lives into the world. Menopause simply sees a shift from reproductive responsibility to maintenance function.
The pancreas is an organ which belongs to both the digestive and endocrine systems. It is located in the abdomen and plays an essential role in energy production by converting the food we eat into fuel for the body.
The specific functions of the pancreas include:
The parathyroid gland is located behind the thyroid in the neck. The specific role of the parathyroid gland is to control calcium levels is in the body. It also regulates how much calcium is circulating in our blood and being deposited in our bones.
The pineal gland is located between the eyebrows and is also known as the third eye in metaphysical circles. Some people even like to mystically refer to it as the 'principal seat of the soul'.
From a pathophysiological point of view, that main function of the pineal gland is to produce the hormone melatonin (modulation of sleep patterns). The pineal gland also influences the secretion of sex hormones (FSH and LH) by the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland is considered to be the master gland of the brain. It produces many hormones that travel through the body, directing certain processes or stimulating other glands to produce hormones. The pituitary gland governs puberty, sexual development and reproductive function.
The anterior (front) pituitary gland produces:
The posterior (back) pituitary stores the following hormones:
The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system yet medically, it's only seen as an independent gland. The interactivity of the thyroid with the rest of the endocrine system is usually not considered, which is why women who have thyroid issues often develop secondary symptoms. These are not linked to thyroid dysfunction and often leave women wondering why they are feeling unwell.
Each and every function in the body is connected and the thyroid is no different. As part of the endocrine system, the thyroid plays a vital role in the body’s metabolism by maintaining homeostasis in terms of energy production versus energy output. This is a very important function so let’s look at what happens when something is wrong with the thyroid.
Causes of thyroid imbalance
The reason Happy Hormones works so well, in such a broad spectrum of hormonal disorders, is not because of the ingredients, but rather the philosophy that underpins its approach.
Instead of trying to regulate hormone levels by focusing on hormones, we disregard hormones and focus on a higher level where hormones are actually regulated. Put simply:
"Happy Hormones regulates the hormone control centre in the brain - the hypothalamic-pituitary axis."
You can read more about this in our article: How Happy Hormones works.
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